[MCN] Basic Black Friday economics in 2 quick glimpses

[Lance Olsen]

Borrow, consumer, borrow
Between 35 million and 50 million Americans are still carrying credit card debt from last year’s holiday shopping

https://www.marketwatch.com/story/5-ways-to-create-more-memories-and-not-more-debt-this-holiday-2019-11-27? <https://www.marketwatch.com/story/5-ways-to-create-more-memories-and-not-more-debt-this-holiday-2019-11-27?>


Buy, consumer, buy 
Black Friday online sales hit all-time high 
https://www.marketwatch.com/story/black-friday-online-sales-hit-all-time-high-these-were-the-hottest-toys-and-electronics-2019-11-30? <https://www.marketwatch.com/story/black-friday-online-sales-hit-all-time-high-these-were-the-hottest-toys-and-electronics-2019-11-30?>

2006
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"Conservationists must therefore assess both current and future distributions of species.”

Araújo and Rahbek. How does climate change affect biodiversity? Science 2006).

2007
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“Climate has long been identified as a primary control on the geographic distribution of plants (Forman 1964, Box 1981). Therefore, plant species may be expected to exhibit marked redistributions in response to climate change." 

"…. In addition, species are expected to be redistributed independently, forming new forest types with unique species combinations (Webb 1992, Williams et al. 2004).”

McKenney et al. Potential Impacts of Climate Change on the Distribution of North American Trees. 
Bioscience  2007
 
2012
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“Using a meta-analysis, we estimated that the distributions of species have recently shifted to higher elevations at a median rate of 11.0 meters per decade, and to higher latitudes at a median rate of 16.9 kilometers per decade. These rates are approximately two and three times faster than previously reported”

Chen et al. Rapid Range Shifts of Species Associated with High Levels of Climate Warming. Science 2011).
 
2013
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“The rate of warming implies …  range shifts of up to several kilometers per year, raising the prospect of daunting challenges for ecosystems …”

Diffenbaugh and Field. Changes in Ecologically Critical Terrestrial Climate Conditions. Science. 2013
 
2012
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“Localized ecological systems are known to shift abruptly and irreversibly from one state to another when they are forced across critical thresholds. 

Here we review evidence that the global ecosystem as a whole can react in the same way and is approaching a planetary-scale critical transition as a result of human influence."

Barnovsky et al. Approaching a state shift in Earth’s biosphere. Nature Volume 486, 07 June 2012

doi:10.1038/nature11018

2017
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“...the ability of natural ecosystems 
to deliver ecosystem services is being challenged by the largest climate-driven global redistribution of species since the Last Glacial Maximum.”

“Human society has yet to appreciate the implications of unprecedented species redistribution for life on Earth ….

"Even if greenhouse gas emissions stopped today, the responses required in human systems to adapt to 
the most serious effects of climate-driven species redistribution would be massive.”
 
Pecl et al. 2017. Biodiversity redistribution under climate change: Impacts on ecosystems and human well-being. Science. 31 March 2017



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