[MCN] "Of all organs, the brain is probably the most vulnerable to heat, " and "Brain cells are exceptionally sensitive to thermal damage."

[Lance Olsen]

Excerpt from news release : The study was conducted by an interdisciplinary research team, led by both the University of Cambridge and Tübingen. The aim was to try to understand the role that  climate <https://www.ancient-origins.net/news-evolution-human-origins/african-migration-0015465> differences play in human evolution. They based their conclusions on the study of over 300 genus Homo  fossils <https://www.ancient-origins.net/news-evolution-human-origins/fossil-apes-0015309> from different locations. During their work they calculated the body and brain size from these fossils, and then merged this information with climate models based on data related to regional climates over the last million years. Through this method they “pinpointed the specific climate experience by each fossil when it was a living human,” explains a  University of Cambridge  <https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/climate-changed-the-size-of-our-bodies-and-to-some-extent-our-brains> article announcing the study.

They assessed the different climatic elements that would have been experienced by  humans <https://www.ancient-origins.net/human-origins-science/why-are-humans-unique-it-s-small-things-count-004416> living in the different locations. “Our study indicates that climate - particularly temperature - has been the main driver of changes in body size for the past million years,” highlighted the leader of the study, Professor Andrea Manica from the Department of Zoology at the University of Cambridge. 

Full news release
https://www.ancient-origins.net/news-history-archaeology/genus-homo-0015551 <https://www.ancient-origins.net/news-history-archaeology/genus-homo-0015551>

OPEN ACCESS pdf
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-24290-7.pdf <https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-24290-7.pdf>

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 <https://www.harvardneuroblog.com/blog/2016/07/26/keeping-your-head-cool>
Keeping your head cool - Harvard Neuro Blog <https://www.harvardneuroblog.com/blog/2016/07/26/keeping-your-head-cool>
https://www.harvardneuroblog.com › blog › 2016/07/26 <https://www.harvardneuroblog.com/blog/2016/07/26/keeping-your-head-cool>
Jul 26, 2016 — Like most animals, our body temperature is 37 degrees Celsius (98.6 ... Of all organs, the brain is probably the most vulnerable to heat.


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Brain temperature and its fundamental properties: a review <https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2014.00307/full>
https://www.frontiersin.org › fnins.2014.00307 › full <https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2014.00307/full>
by H Wang · 2014 · Cited by 229 — Brain cells are exceptionally sensitive to thermal damage. In cultured neurons, spontaneous activity stopped irreversibly between 42 and 43°C ( ...
‎Abstract <https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2014.00307/full#h1> · ‎Introduction <https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2014.00307/full#h2> · ‎Overview <https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2014.00307/full#h3> · ‎Anatomical Consideration <https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2014.00307/full#h6>

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Coupling between changes in human brain temperature and ... <https://www.pnas.org/content/97/13/7603>
https://www.pnas.org › content <https://www.pnas.org/content/97/13/7603>

by DA Yablonskiy · 2000 · Cited by 214 — Heat in the brain is produced mostly by oxygen consumption. It is removed chiefly by blood flow. The balance between 

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 <https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/71/4/448>
Brain temperature, body core temperature, and intracranial ... <https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/71/4/448>
https://jnnp.bmj.com › content <https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/71/4/448>

by S Rossi · 2001 · Cited by 323 — Discussion. Under normal conditions, the temperature of the brain is dependent on three main factors: local heat production, cerebral blood flow, and the 
BRAIN TEMPERATURE HOMEOSTASIS: PHYSIOLOGICAL ... <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3149793/>
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › articles › PMC3149793 <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3149793/>

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ALTERATIONS IN BRAIN TEMPERATURE HOMEOSTASIS DUE TO INSUFFICIENCIES OF HEAT DISSIPATION · by EA Kiyatkin · Cited by 166 …

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Full article: Brain temperature and its role in physiology and ... <https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23328940.2019.1691896>
https://www.tandfonline.com › ... › Volume 6, Issue 4 <https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23328940.2019.1691896>

Brain hyperthermia due to environmental heating, excessive bodily heat production, and insufficiency of heat dissipation · by EA Kiyatkin · 2019 · Cited by 15 — Brain ...

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Sub-minute prediction of brain temperature based on sleep ... <https://elifesciences.org/articles/62073>
https://elifesciences.org › articles <https://elifesciences.org/articles/62073>

by Y Sela · 2021 · Cited by 2 — Since heat plays a crucial role in neuronal functioning (Kiyatkin, 2010; Alonso and Marder, 2020) and brain tissue is very sensitive to thermal ...

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 <https://www.nature.com/articles/s42005-021-00571-x>
Personalized predictions and non-invasive imaging of human ... <https://www.nature.com/articles/s42005-021-00571-x>
https://www.nature.com › communications physics › articles <https://www.nature.com/articles/s42005-021-00571-x>

by D Sung · 2021 — 1: Heat transfer modes and domains used to model brain temperature. figure1. Metabolically generated thermal energy is transported between the ...


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“A death zone is creeping over the surface of Earth, gaining a little more ground each year. 

As an analysis published this week in Nature Climate Change shows, since 1980, these temporary hells on Earth have opened up hundreds of times to take life (C. Mora et al. Nature Clim. Change http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3322 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3322>; 2017). 

“The analysis also reveals that even aggressive reductions in emissions will lead the number of deadly heatwaves to soar in the coming decades.

Nature 546, 452 (22 June 2017) doi:10.1038/546452a

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Book review : Under the Sky We Make. Kimberly Nicholas, PhD

Excerpt : Individual responsibility has become something of a flashpoint in the climate discourse. 

On the one hand, oil companies love to harp on about <https://grist.org/energy/footprint-fantasy/> personal carbon footprints as a way of distracting from their much larger contributions to the climate crisis, both through the fossil fuel products they make and their longstanding, ongoing efforts to delay climate action and misinform the public. 

At the same time, prominent journalists and scientists have waved off individual climate actions as a distraction from the systemic changes that are needed to solve the crisis — changes like overhauling our electricity and transit systems through governmental investments in clean energy, better regulation, and carbon pricing. 

They’re joined by a growing chorus of climate justice advocates who rightly point out that asking poor people to make difficult dietary shifts or give up the car they need to get to work is completely unfair.

That’s not what Nicholas is doing. Her message isn’t aimed at folks struggling to make ends meet, but at people making a middle-class income or higher who live in a wealthy country like the United States, Germany, or France. Far from a distraction, Nicholas argues that the climate impact of the carbon elite is something we need to focus on — individually    and systematically. She points out that globally, more than two-thirds of climate pollution can be attributed to household consumption <https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es803496a>, and that the richest 10 percent of the world population — those making more than $38,000 a year <https://wedocs.unep.org/xmlui/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/34432/EGR20ch6.pdf?sequence=3> — is responsible for about half of those emissions. 

https://grist.org/culture/cutting-your-carbon-footprint-matters-a-lot-if-youre-rich/

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