[MCN] Much more extensive climate compilation this week

[Lance Olsen]

Coal-fired power is on the rise in America for the first time since 2014 <https://news.google.com/articles/CAIiEFf78rFqdQAROLeFyDV7oBMqGQgEKhAIACoHCAowocv1CjCSptoCMPrTpgU?hl=en-US&gl=US&ceid=US%3Aen>
CNN <https://news.google.com/publications/CAAqBwgKMKHL9QowkqbaAg?hl=en-US&gl=US&ceid=US%3Aen>

Faced with a power crisis, China may have ‘little choice’ but to ramp up coal consumption <https://news.google.com/articles/CAIiEAKOwpfGPbjauIyINzOtLpsqGQgEKhAIACoHCAow2Nb3CjDivdcCMP3ungY?hl=en-US&gl=US&ceid=US%3Aen>
CNBC <https://news.google.com/publications/CAAqBwgKMNjW9wow4r3XAg?hl=en-US&gl=US&ceid=US%3Aen>

Vietnam's coal-fired power may double by 2030 under draft energy plan <https://news.google.com/articles/CBMiS2h0dHBzOi8vZmluYW5jZS55YWhvby5jb20vbmV3cy92aWV0bmFtcy1jb2FsLWZpcmVkLXBvd2VyLW1heS0wODA3NTI0OTEuaHRtbNIBU2h0dHBzOi8vZmluYW5jZS55YWhvby5jb20vYW1waHRtbC9uZXdzL3ZpZXRuYW1zLWNvYWwtZmlyZWQtcG93ZXItbWF5LTA4MDc1MjQ5MS5odG1s?hl=en-US&gl=US&ceid=US%3Aen>
Yahoo Finance

Montana and Wyoming see increase in coal production <https://news.google.com/articles/CBMiVWh0dHBzOi8vbmJjbW9udGFuYS5jb20vbmV3cy9sb2NhbC9tb250YW5hLWFuZC13eW9taW5nLXNlZS1pbmNyZWFzZS1pbi1jb2FsLXByb2R1Y3Rpb27SAVlodHRwczovL25iY21vbnRhbmEuY29tL2FtcC9uZXdzL2xvY2FsL21vbnRhbmEtYW5kLXd5b21pbmctc2VlLWluY3JlYXNlLWluLWNvYWwtcHJvZHVjdGlvbg?hl=en-US&gl=US&ceid=US%3Aen>
NBC Montana

Coal is 'king' as gas prices soar, Total CEO says — and it's backfiring on cleaner energy goals <https://news.google.com/articles/CAIiEI4gSPRylTEbgZwuw4PeddMqGQgEKhAIACoHCAow2Nb3CjDivdcCMIrzngY?hl=en-US&gl=US&ceid=US%3Aen>
CNBC <https://news.google.com/publications/CAAqBwgKMNjW9wow4r3XAg?hl=en-US&gl=US&ceid=US%3Aen>

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Japan's Carbon Goal Is Based on Restarting 30 Nuclear Reactors <https://news.google.com/articles/CAIiECLRsXwV3FjrFcFW7EfW8AMqGQgEKhAIACoHCAow4uzwCjCF3bsCMIrOrwM?hl=en-US&gl=US&ceid=US%3Aen>
Bloomberg <https://news.google.com/publications/CAAqBwgKMOLs8Aowhd27Ag?hl=en-US&gl=US&ceid=US%3Aen>

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18-Oct-2021 <https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/931917>
Climate change and human pressure mean animal migration may be “no longer worth it" <https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/931917>
 <https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/931917>
Researchers have found that the benefits of animal migration have been eroded by the effects of climate change and human pressure. <https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/931917>
https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/931917 <https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/931917>

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Wildfire smoke pushes migrating birds hundreds of miles out of their way
‘I was glued to my computer for days, trying to figure out what these birds were doing, because it was so clearly, obviously, not normal.’
Kylie Mohr <https://www.hcn.org/author_search?getAuthor=Kylie%20Mohr&sort_on=PublicationDate&sort_order=descending> Oct. 21, 2021

https://www.hcn.org/articles/north-wildfire-smoke-pushes-migrating-birds-hundreds-of-miles-out-of-their-way?

1st 3 paragraphs 
Four radio-collared Tule geese left their summer breeding grounds near Alaska’s Cook Inlet in the fall of 2020 to head south for the winter. The migration typically takes about four days: The birds fly over the Gulf of Alaska, stay about 100 miles offshore from Canada and skirt Vancouver Island. They stop briefly to float and rest on the Pacific Ocean a handful of times and then gather en masse at Summer Lake in central Oregon before making the final push to California’s Sacramento Valley. Last summer, however, the migrating birds encountered dense wildfire smoke off the coast of British Columbia and over Washington — and that’s when their behavior got weird. 

One bird backtracked north almost 80 miles. Two spent nearly four days floating on the ocean before trying to head inland again; they ended up flying directly at the Beachie Creek Fire in Oregon and then climbing almost four times higher than usual to get over the huge plume of smoke. A fourth bird got turned around and headed much farther east than normal, all the way to Idaho. Tule geese typically prefer to overnight at wetlands, but these four stopped in bizarre locations instead, even landing once on the side of Mount Hood.

According to a study released by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) <https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecy.3552> in early October, the birds’ 2020 migration took twice as long as the 2019 migration — nine days versus four — and they flew an additional 470 miles, all to avoid wildfire smoke. The paper states that “megafires and thick smoke portend big problems for migratory birds,” as wildfires increasingly coincide with the beginning of fall migration: There were 68 active fires in California, Oregon and Washington when the geese passed through. Lengthier migrations require more energy and take more time to recover from. That could make it harder for the birds to reproduce, and even put them at risk of dying.

https://www.hcn.org/articles/north-wildfire-smoke-pushes-migrating-birds-hundreds-of-miles-out-of-their-way?

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First came global warming. Then hurricanes. Then more migratory bird deaths? - Bulletin of ... <https://www.google.com/url?rct=j&sa=t&url=https://thebulletin.org/2021/10/first-came-global-warming-then-hurricanes-then-more-migratory-bird-deaths/&ct=ga&cd=CAEYCSoTNDE4NTM2MTI2MDY3NTU2MTUxODIaZWUxNmI3OWFhM2VmMDZkZjpjb206ZW46VVM&usg=AFQjCNG8OQq9UPwrkcGF2dnfWpkTMhUEtQ>
Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists

That's right: 400 million! Birds' annual migrations represent some of the most spectacular movements of animals on our planet, with enormous numbers of ...

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Proceedings of the Royal Society B : Biological Sciences Published:13 October 2021

https:// <https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.0783>doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.0783 <http://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.0783>
Grand challenges in biodiversity–ecosystem functioning research in the era of science–policy platforms require explicit consideration of feedbacks

Mary I. O'Connor <https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2021.0783#>, Akira S. Mori <https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2021.0783#>, Andrew Gonzalez <https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2021.0783#>, Laura E. Dee <https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2021.0783#>, Michel Loreau <https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2021.0783#>, Meghan Avolio <https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2021.0783#>, Jarrett E. K. Byrnes <https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2021.0783#>, William Cheung <https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2021.0783#>, Jane Cowles <https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2021.0783#>, Adam T. Clark <https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2021.0783#>, Yann Hautier <https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2021.0783#>, Andrew Hector <https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2021.0783#>, Kimberly Komatsu <https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2021.0783#>, Tim Newbold <https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2021.0783#>, … See all authors 
OPEN ACCESS pdf
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspb.2021.0783 <https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspb.2021.0783>


Abstract

Feedbacks are an essential feature of resilient socio-economic systems, yet the feedbacks between biodiversity, ecosystem services and human wellbeing are not fully accounted for in global policy efforts that consider future scenarios for human activities and their consequences for nature. Failure to integrate feedbacks in our knowledge frameworks exacerbates uncertainty in future projections and potentially prevents us from realizing the full benefits of actions we can take to enhance sustainability. We identify six scientific research challenges that, if addressed, could allow future policy, conservation and monitoring efforts to quantitatively account for ecosystem and societal consequences of biodiversity change. Placing feedbacks prominently in our frameworks would lead to (i) coordinated observation of biodiversity change, ecosystem functions and human actions, (ii) joint experiment and observation programmes, (iii) more effective use of emerging technologies in biodiversity science and policy, and (iv) a more inclusive and integrated global community of biodiversity observers. To meet these challenges, we outline a five-point action plan for collaboration and connection among scientists and policymakers that emphasizes diversity, inclusion and open access. Efforts to protect biodiversity require the best possible scientific understanding of human activities, biodiversity trends, ecosystem functions and—critically—the feedbacks among them.—————————————————

Plankton Is Undergoing a Global Migration, With Dire Consequences For The Food Web <https://news.google.com/articles/CAIiEEtfrU1vEBWyK9u4kqiKjqgqGQgEKhAIACoHCAowlv_6CjDu3vICMIHFoQY?hl=en-US&gl=US&ceid=US%3Aen>
ScienceAlert <https://news.google.com/publications/CAAqBwgKMJb_-gow7t7yAg?hl=en-US&gl=US&ceid=US%3Aen>

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Climate change fuels drought, starvation worldwide | DW News <https://news.google.com/articles/CCAiC25jZC1uNnZkNXhJmAEB?hl=en-US&gl=US&ceid=US%3Aen>
DW News

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North American drought map - Released Oct 15, 2021
https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/temp-and-precip/drought/nadm/maps <https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/temp-and-precip/drought/nadm/maps>

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Severe Drought
Grazing land is inadequate
Fire season is longer, with high burn intensity, dry fuels, and large fire spatial extent
Trees are stressed; plants increase reproductive mechanisms; wildlife diseases increase

Extreme Drought
Livestock need expensive supplemental feed; cattle and horses are sold; little pasture remains; fruit trees bud early; producers begin irrigating in the winter
Fire season lasts year-round; fires occur in typically wet parts of state; burn bans are implemented
Water is inadequate for agriculture, wildlife, and urban needs; reservoirs are extremely low; hydropower is restricted


Exceptional Drought
Fields are left fallow; orchards are removed; vegetable yields are low; honey harvest is small
Fire season is very costly; number of fires and area burned are extensive
Fish rescue and relocation begins; pine beetle infestation occurs; forest mortality is high; wetlands dry up; survival of native plants and animals is low; fewer wildflowers bloom; wildlife death is widespread; algae blooms appear

Found at : 
https://www.drought.gov/topics/snow-drought <https://www.drought.gov/topics/snow-drought>

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Scientists see a La Niña coming. What does that mean for the dry American south-west? <https://news.google.com/articles/CAIiEA3bd3_qPNpSIvPfMvWcycoqFggEKg4IACoGCAowl6p7MN-zCTCtvxU?hl=en-US&gl=US&ceid=US%3Aen>
The Guardian <https://news.google.com/publications/CAAqBggKMJeqezDfswk?hl=en-US&gl=US&ceid=US%3Aen>

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Using Climate to Explain and Predict West Nile Virus Risk in Nebraska <https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2020GH000244>
Kelly Helm Smith <https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorStored=Smith%2C+Kelly+Helm> Andrew J. Tyre <https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorStored=Tyre%2C+Andrew+J> Jeff Hamik <https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorStored=Hamik%2C+Jeff> Michael J. Hayes <https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorStored=Hayes%2C+Michael+J> Yuzhen Zhou <https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorStored=Zhou%2C+Yuzhen> Li Dai <https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorStored=Dai%2C+Li>
First Published:  13 August 2020
A dry year preceded by a wet year in combination with warm temperatures increases the number of human cases of West Nile Virus in Nebraska
We found that drought accounted for 26% of WNV cases 2002–2018, and drought and temperature together accounted for 45% of cases
READ ONLY epdf <<https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2020GH000244 <https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2020GH000244>>>

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Global Change Biology
West Nile virus is predicted to be more geographically widespread in New York State and Connecticut under future climate change
Alexander C. Keyel <https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorRaw=Keyel%2C+Alexander+C>,Ajay Raghavendra <https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorRaw=Raghavendra%2C+Ajay>,Alexander T. Ciota <https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorRaw=Ciota%2C+Alexander+T>,Oliver Elison Timm <https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorRaw=Elison+Timm%2C+Oliver>,
First published: 15 August 2021 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15842 <https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15842>

Abstract
The effects of climate change on infectious diseases are a topic of considerable interest and discussion. We studied West Nile virus (WNV) in New York (NY) and Connecticut (CT) using a Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model climate change scenario, which allows us to examine the effects of climate change and variability on WNV risk at county level. We chose WNV because it is well studied, has caused over 50,000 reported human cases, and over 2200 deaths in the United States. The ecological impacts have been substantial (e.g., millions of avian deaths), and economic impacts include livestock deaths, morbidity, and healthcare-related expenses. We trained two Random Forest models with observational climate data and human cases to predict future levels of WNV based on future weather conditions. The Regional Model used present-day data from NY and CT, whereas the Analog Model was fit for states most closely matching the predicted future conditions in the region. Separately, we predicted changes to mosquito-based WNV risk using a trait-based thermal biology approach (Mosquito Model). The WRF model produced control simulations (present day) and pseudo-global warming simulations (future). The Regional and Analog Models predicted an overall increase in human cases of WNV under future warming. However, the Analog Model did not predict as strong of an increase in the number of human cases as the Regional Model, and predicted a decrease in cases in some counties that currently experience high numbers of WNV cases. The Mosquito Model also predicted a decrease in risk in current high-risk areas, with an overall reduction in the population-weighted relative risk (but an increase in area-weighted risk). The Mosquito Model supports the Analog Model as making more realistic predictions than the Regional Model. All three models predicted a geographic increase in WNV cases across NY and CT.

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14-Oct-2021 <https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/931647>
Climate change favors the spread of West Nile Virus in Europe <https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/931647>
UNIVERSITAT AUTONOMA DE BARCELONA <https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/931647>
PEER-REVIEWED PUBLICATION <https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/931647>
Increases in temperatures as a result of climate change is favouring the transmission of the West Nile Virus (WNV) in parts of Europe, by creating more suitable conditions for the virus and its mosquito vectors to proliferate. This is the conclusion of a study by the Institute of Environmental Science and Technology of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ICTA-UAB) that analyses the different reasons why the WNV has recently emerged as an important health concern in Europe due to its rapid spread. Scientists warn that the virus will spread to more northerly locations in Europe given a warming climate. <https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/931647>
JOURNAL <https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/931647>
One Health <https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/931647>
https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/931647 <https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/931647>

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Lake Tahoe waters plummet due to drought and climate change <https://news.google.com/articles/CAIiEOg4tVi5G8NIbvi3rOvLiWIqFwgEKg4IACoGCAowjKxcMOvhCzCU9KQB?hl=en-US&gl=US&ceid=US%3Aen>
Los Angeles Times <https://news.google.com/publications/CAAqBggKMIysXDDr4Qs?hl=en-US&gl=US&ceid=US%3Aen>

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18-Oct-2021 <https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/931452>
Lakes are changing worldwide <https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/931452>
 <https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/931452>
Worldwide, lake temperatures are rising and seasonal ice cover is shorter and thiner. This effects lake ecosystems, drinking water supply and fishing. International research led by Luke Grant, Inne Vanderkelen and Prof Wim Thiery of Vrije Universiteit Brussel now - for the first time - shows that these global changes in lake temperature and ice cover are not due to natural climate variability. They can only be explained by massive greenhouse gas emissions since the Industrial Revolution. To prove this, the team has developed multiple computer simulations with models of lakes on a global scale, on which they ran a series of climate models. The researchers found clear similarities between the observed changes in lakes and model simulations of lakes in a climate influenced by greenhouse gas emissions. Besides measuring the historical impact of climate change, the team also analysed various future climate scenarios. <https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/931452>
 <https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/931452>
https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/931452 <https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/931452>

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Nature Geoscience 	Published: 15 April 2021 <https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-021-00730-3#article-info>
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-021-00730-3 <https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-021-00730-3>

Intensification of El Niño-induced atmospheric anomalies under greenhouse warming
Kaiming Hu <https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-021-00730-3#auth-Kaiming-Hu>, Gang Huang <https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-021-00730-3#auth-Gang-Huang>, Ping Huang <https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-021-00730-3#auth-Ping-Huang>, Yu Kosaka <https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-021-00730-3#auth-Yu-Kosaka> & Shang-Ping Xie <https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-021-00730-3#auth-Shang_Ping-Xie> 
Abstract
The El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has a profound influence on global climate and ecosystems. Determining how the ENSO responds to greenhouse warming is a crucial issue in climate science. Despite recent progress in understanding, the responses of important ENSO characteristics, such as air temperature and atmospheric circulation, are still unknown. Here, we use a suite of global climate model projections to show that greenhouse warming drives a robust intensification of ENSO-driven variability in boreal winter tropical upper tropospheric temperature and geopotential height, tropical humidity, subtropical jets and tropical Pacific rainfall. These robust changes are primarily due to the Clausius–Clapeyron relationship, whereby saturation vapour pressure increases nearly exponentially with increasing temperature. Therefore, the vapour response to temperature variability is larger under a warmer climate. As a result, under global warming, even if the ENSO’s sea surface temperature remains unchanged, the response of tropical lower tropospheric humidity to the ENSO amplifies, which in turn results in major reorganization of atmospheric temperature, circulation and rainfall. These findings provide a novel theoretical constraint for ENSO changes and reduce uncertainty in the ENSO response to greenhouse warming

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Mapped: Human Impact on the Earth's Surface <https://news.google.com/articles/CBMiS2h0dHBzOi8vd3d3LnZpc3VhbGNhcGl0YWxpc3QuY29tL21hcHBlZC1odW1hbi1pbXBhY3Qtb24tdGhlLWVhcnRocy1zdXJmYWNlL9IBAA?hl=en-US&gl=US&ceid=US%3Aen>
Visual Capitalist

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SCIENCE ADVANCES.  13 Oct 2021
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd3524 <https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abd3524>

Widespread vulnerability of flowering plant seed production to pollinator declines
JAMES G. RODGER <https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abd3524#pill-con1>  et al

Abstract
Despite evidence of pollinator declines from many regions across the globe, the threat this poses to plant populations is not clear because plants can often produce seeds without animal pollinators. Here, we quantify pollinator contribution to seed production by comparing fertility in the presence versus the absence of pollinators for a global dataset of 1174 plant species. We estimate that, without pollinators, a third of flowering plant species would produce no seeds and half would suffer an 80% or more reduction in fertility. Pollinator contribution to plant reproduction is higher in plants with tree growth form, multiple reproductive episodes, more specialized pollination systems, and tropical distributions, making these groups especially vulnerable to reduced service from pollinators. These results suggest that, without mitigating efforts, pollinator declines have the potential to reduce reproduction for most plant species, increasing the risk of population declines.

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Soil Science Society of America Journal  Version of Record Online:  11 October 2021 <https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/saj2.20337>
 <https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/saj2.20337>
Interactions between water flow and microplastics in silt loam and loamy sand <https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/saj2.20337>
Xuguang Xing <https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorRaw=Xing%2C+Xuguang>, Miao Yu <https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorRaw=Yu%2C+Miao>, Tianjiao Xia <https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorRaw=Xia%2C+Tianjiao>, Li Ma <https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorRaw=Ma%2C+Li>

Core Ideas

Microplastic (MP) and water flow affect each other.
More MP content causes larger water infiltration.
MP particles of various sizes accumulate at different soil depths.
Different MP distributions are observed in silt loam and loamy sand.
Changes in MP number and concentration show inconsistency in silt loam.
Abstract <https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/saj2.20337>Full text <https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/saj2.20337>PDF <https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/saj2.20337>References <https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/saj2.20337#reference>





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"Ignorance of remote causes disposeth men to attribute all events to the causes immediate and instrumental: for these are all the causes they perceive."

Thomas Hobbes

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“Teleconnections can be defined as linkages between climate anomalies at some distance from each other. 

"The large distances in space and the differences in timing between these anomalous events make it difficult for one to believe that one event (El Nino or La Nina) could possibly have influence on the other (e.g. drought in southern Africa or hurricanes in the tropical Atlantic). Nevertheless, physical and statistical research has shown that such linkages do exist.”

Michael Glantz. Currents of Change : Impacts of El Nino and La Nina on Climate and Society. Cambridge University Press, 2001

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