[MCN] For California, as of 2012, the Forest Service set out the following scenario

[Lance Olsen]

"Modeling results show that mixed evergreen forest will replace evergreen conifer forest throughout much of the latter's historical range. This process may include gradual replacement of Douglas-fir-white fir (Abies concolor [Gordon & Glend.] Lindl. ex Hildebr.) forest by Douglas-fir-tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus [Hook. & Arn.] Rehd.) forest and the replacement of white fir-ponderosa pine forest by ponderosa pine-California black oak (Quercus kelloggii Newberry) forest in the Sierra Nevada. Tanoak-Pacific madrone (Arbutus menziesii Pursh)-canyon live oak (Q. chrysolepis Liebm.) woodland may replace blue oak (Q. douglasii Hook. & Arn.) woodlands, chaparral, and perennial grassland. In general, shrubland will replace oak woodland, and grassland will replace shrubland throughout the state. Evergreen conifer forest will advance into the high-elevation subalpine forest in the Sierra Nevada, and species such as Shasta red fir (Abies magnifica A. Murray) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. murrayana [Balf.] Engelm.) may become more common in subalpine parklands and meadows."

Effects of Climatic Variability and Change on Forest Ecosystems: A Comprehensive Science Synthesis for the U.S. Forest Sector. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-870  December 2012  United States Department of Agriculture - Forest Service

https://research.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/42610

~~~  Hydrology 101 ~~~~~

“A fundamental characteristic of the hydrologic cycle is that it has no beginning an it has no end. It can be studied by starting at any of the following processes: evaporation, condensation, precipitation, interception, infiltration, percolation, transpiration, runoff, and storage.”

<<https://www.nwrfc.noaa.gov/info/water_cycle/hydrology.cgi>>

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